بحث حول الشطرنج بالانجليزية 2متوسط

Chess
Chess is a board game playedbetween two players. It isplayed on a chessboard, which is a square-checkeredboard with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. At the start, eachplayer controls sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent's king, whereby theking is under immediate attack (in "check") and there is no way to removeor defend it from attack on the next move.
The current formof the game emerged in Europe during the secondhalf of the 15th century after evolving from a much older game of Indianorigin. Aspects of art are found in chess composition. Theoreticians havedeveloped extensive chess strategiesand tactics since the game's inception. One ofthe goals of early computer scientists was to create a chess-playing machine. Chess is now deeplyinfluenced by the abilities of chess programs and the opportunity for onlineplay. In 1997 Deep Bluebecame the first computer to beat a reigning World Champion in a matchwhen it defeated Garry Kasparov.
The tradition oforganized competitive chess started in the 16th century. The first official World ChessChampion, Wilhelm Steinitz,claimed his title in 1886; the current World Champion is Viswanathan Anand. Chess is a recognized sportof the InternationalOlympic Committee. Today, chess is one of the world's most populargames, played by millions of people worldwide at home, in clubs, online, by correspondence,and in tournaments.